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The three plot lines show the total field strength (blue), radial (vertical) field component (magenta) and the horizontal (south to north) field component (yellow). Field strengths are given in microteslas and the geographic latitude is given in degrees. The field strength reaches up to around 60 microteslas at the poles.
The Earth's magnetic field strength was measured by Carl Friedrich Gauss in 1832 [69] and has been repeatedly measured since then, showing a relative decay of about 10% over the last 150 years. [70] The Magsat satellite and later satellites have used 3-axis vector magnetometers to probe the 3-D structure of the Earth's magnetic field.
Earth's_magnetic_field,_schematic.png (566 × 503 pixels, file size: 96 KB, MIME type: image/png) This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons . Information from its description page there is shown below.
Geomagnetic secular variation refers to changes in the Earth's magnetic field on time scales of about a year or more. These changes mostly reflect changes in the Earth's interior, while more rapid changes mostly originate in the ionosphere or magnetosphere. [1] The geomagnetic field changes on time scales from milliseconds to millions of years.
The relationship between the frequency of the induced current and the strength of the magnetic field is called the proton gyromagnetic ratio, and is equal to 0.042576 Hz nT −1. Because the precession frequency depends only on atomic constants and the strength of the ambient magnetic field, the accuracy of this type of magnetometer can reach 1 ...
Magnetic field lines form in concentric circles around a cylindrical current-carrying conductor, such as a length of wire. The direction of such a magnetic field can be determined by using the "right-hand grip rule" (see figure at right). The strength of the magnetic field decreases with distance from the wire.
Magnetic induction B (also known as magnetic flux density) has the SI unit tesla [T or Wb/m 2]. [1] One tesla is equal to 10 4 gauss. Magnetic field drops off as the inverse cube of the distance ( 1 / distance 3 ) from a dipole source. Energy required to produce laboratory magnetic fields increases with the square of magnetic field. [2]
However, due to extraordinarily large and erratic movements of the north magnetic pole, an out-of-cycle update (WMM2015v2) was released in February 2019 [4] (delayed by a few weeks due to the U.S. federal government shutdown) [5] to accurately model the magnetic field above 55° north latitude until the end of 2019. The next regular update ...