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Medial knee injuries (those to the inside of the knee) are the most common type of knee injury. [1] The medial ligament complex of the knee consists of: [2] superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL), also called the medial collateral ligament (MCL) or tibial collateral ligament; deep medial collateral ligament (dMCL), or mid-third medial ...
The medial collateral ligament (MCL), also called the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) or tibial collateral ligament (TCL), [1] is one of the major ligaments of the knee. It is on the medial (inner) side of the knee joint and occurs in humans and other primates. Its primary function is to resist valgus (inward bending) forces on ...
More chronic injury occurs with osteoarthritis, made worse by obesity and high-impact activity. The medial meniscus and the medial compartment are more commonly affected than the lateral compartment. Often, moderate to severe injury or injury past early middle age to the meniscus will indicate a total knee replacement.
The articular capsule of the knee joint is the wide and lax joint capsule of the knee. It is thin in front and at the side, and contains the patella, ligaments, menisci, and bursae of the knee. [1] The capsule consists of an inner synovial membrane, and an outer fibrous membrane separated by fatty deposits anteriorly and posteriorly. [2]
The knee is a modified hinge joint, a type of synovial joint, which is composed of three functional compartments: the patellofemoral articulation, consisting of the patella, or "kneecap", and the patellar groove on the front of the femur through which it slides; and the medial and lateral tibiofemoral articulations linking the femur, or thigh bone, with the tibia, the main bone of the lower ...
The lateral collateral ligament (LCL, long external lateral ligament or fibular collateral ligament) is an extrinsic ligament of the knee located on the lateral side of the knee. [ 1 ] [ verification needed ] [ 2 ] Its superior attachment is at the lateral epicondyle of the femur (superoposterior to the popliteal groove); its inferior ...
Sometimes they report weakness or decreased range of motion. The physician examines the knee in full extension, looking for tenderness in the medial knee joint and across the proximal, medial tibial region, and feels for tenderness along the medial tendons of the pes anserine when the knee is flexed at 90 degrees. [citation needed]
The knee joint contains two crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structures, the menisci (medial and lateral), which serve as shock absorbers and stabilize the joint during movement. Each meniscus has an outer vascular zone (red-red zone), which has a good blood supply and healing potential as well as a central avascular zone (white-white zone ...