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TOTO was founded in 1917. The company is based in Kitakyushu, Japan, and owns production facilities in nine countries. [2] [3] Toto acquired the German toilet manufacturer Pagette in 2009 and has been supplying the European market through this company since it first appeared at the 2009 International Sanitary and Heating Fair.
In 1976, American industrial designer Victor Papanek proposed the dual flush system in his book Design for the real world, [3] but the first practical implementation was designed in 1980, by staff at the Australian sanitary-ware company Caroma, with flush volumes of 11 and 5.5 litres. [4]
This system is suitable for locations plumbed with 12.7 or 9.5 mm (1 ⁄ 2 or 3 ⁄ 8 inch) water pipes which cannot supply water quickly enough to flush the toilet; the tank is needed to supply a large volume of water in a short time. The tank typically collects between 6 and 17 L (1.6 and 4.5 US gallons) of water over a period of time.
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The largest producer in this category is Toto, with 65% of the market share, while the second largest is Inax at 25%. [12] [14] The main market for washlets is still in Japan, and Toto reports that overseas sales account for just 5% of its revenue. [12] The primary foreign market is China, where Toto sells over one million washlets each year.
Side view of a ceramic squat toilet in Japan before installation. Squat toilets are arranged at floor level, which requires the individual to squat with bent knees. [4] In contrast to a pedestal or a sitting toilet, the opening of the drain pipe is located at the ground level.
A modern bidet (foreground) with a matching toilet A modern bidet that resembles a traditional washbasin type. A bidet (UK: / ˈ b iː d eɪ /, US: / b ɪ ˈ d eɪ / ⓘ) is a bowl or receptacle designed to be sat upon in order to wash a person's genitalia, perineum, inner buttocks, and anus.
When multiple tanks share a bund, the capacity is based on the largest tank. One of the most common designs for large tanks is a concrete or masonry wall around the tank with a concrete floor. [3] Concrete works very well for many liquids, but it is unsuitable for some applications like containing strong acids. Using earth berms for bunding is ...