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In the case of rockets, the impulse imparted can be normalized by unit of propellant expended, to create a performance parameter, specific impulse. This fact can be used to derive the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation , which relates the vehicle's propulsive change in velocity to the engine's specific impulse (or nozzle exhaust velocity) and the ...
Classical mechanics is the branch of physics used to describe the motion of macroscopic objects. [1] It is the most familiar of the theories of physics. The concepts it covers, such as mass, acceleration, and force, are commonly used and known. [2] The subject is based upon a three-dimensional Euclidean space with fixed axes, called a frame of ...
[5]: 174 The Dirac delta is used to model a tall narrow spike function (an impulse), and other similar abstractions such as a point charge, point mass or electron point. For example, to calculate the dynamics of a billiard ball being struck, one can approximate the force of the impact by a Dirac delta.
A powerful tool in physics is the concept of dimensional analysis and scaling laws. By examining the physical effects present in a system, we may estimate their size and hence which, for example, might be neglected. In some cases, the system may not have a fixed natural length or time scale, while the solution depends on space or time.
If a system initially rests at its equilibrium position, from where it is acted upon by a unit-impulse at the instance t=0, i.e., p(t) in the equation above is a Dirac delta function δ(t), () = | = =, then by solving the differential equation one can get a fundamental solution (known as a unit-impulse response function)
Specific impulse of various propulsion technologies Engine Effective exhaust velocity (m/s) Specific impulse (s) Exhaust specific energy (MJ/kg) Turbofan jet engine (actual V is ~300 m/s) 29,000 3,000 Approx. 0.05 Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster: 2,500 250 3 Liquid oxygen–liquid hydrogen: 4,400 450 9.7 NSTAR [1] electrostatic xenon ion ...
In the physical science of dynamics, rigid-body dynamics studies the movement of systems of interconnected bodies under the action of external forces.The assumption that the bodies are rigid (i.e. they do not deform under the action of applied forces) simplifies analysis, by reducing the parameters that describe the configuration of the system to the translation and rotation of reference ...
In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.