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Maleimide-mediated methodologies are among the most used in bioconjugation. [5] [6] Due to fast reactions and high selectivity towards cysteine residues in proteins, a large variety of maleimide heterobifunctional reagents are used for the preparation of targeted therapeutics, assemblies for studying proteins in their biological context, protein-based microarrays, or proteins immobilisation. [7]
The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: NEM [permanent dead link ] The bifunctional analogues such as p-NN′-phenylenebismaleimide can be used as cross-linking reagent for cystine residues. see Lutter, L. C., Zeichhardt, H., Kurland, C. G. & Stoffier, G. (1972) Mol. Gen. Genet. 119, 357-366.
In enzymology, a maleimide hydrolase (EC 3.5.2.16) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction maleimide + H 2 O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } maleamic acid Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are maleimide and H 2 O , whereas its product is maleamic acid .
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Biotin PEG2 amine is used as a linker [2] or cross linker. [3] This allows to attach specific compounds to proteins or to antibodies. A common use of biotin PEG2 amine is to use EDC and crosslink the amine in the biotin PEG2 amine to carboxyl groups on protein residues that are either aspartate or glutamate or the carboxy-terminus of proteins.
Electronically-available alternative data, such as social media activity, bill payments, mobile telephone bills and metadata, rental payments, and electronic transaction data, could be used to score these individuals and enter millions in low-income countries into a more modern credit ratings system.
Maleic acid or cis-butenedioic acid is an organic compound that is a dicarboxylic acid, a molecule with two carboxyl groups. Its chemical formula is HO 2 CCH=CHCO 2 H. Maleic acid is the cis isomer of butenedioic acid, whereas fumaric acid is the trans isomer.