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Female Asian elephants tend to have more fluid social associations. [99] In Sri Lanka, there appear to be stable family units or "herds" and larger, looser "groups". They have been observed to have "nursing units" and "juvenile-care units". In southern India, elephant populations may contain family groups, bond groups, and possibly clans.
For Asian elephants, these calls have a frequency of 14–24 Hz, with sound pressure levels of 85–90 dB and last 10–15 seconds. [15] For African elephants, calls range from 15 to 35 Hz with sound pressure levels as high as 117 dB, allowing communication for many kilometres, with a possible maximum range of around 10 km (6 mi).
African elephant heads are completely rounded and large, while Asian elephant heads form two hills or humps on the top, with a line down the center of their face. African Elephant vs. Asian ...
Generally, the female conceives after two or three matings. Though the female has plenty of room in her uterus for twins, twins are rarely conceived. Gestation lasts 22 months. Based on the maturity, fertility, and gestation rates, African forest elephants have the capacity to increase their population by 5% annually under ideal conditions. [54]
While male Asian elephants have tusks, female Asian elephants do not grow tusks. However, about 50% of the female population grows smaller incisors that sometimes protrude under the upper lip like ...
The desire for ivory has made elephants popular targets for illegal poaching, and it can have a devastating impact on The Multifaceted Role of Elephant Tusks: Tools, Weapons, and Cultural Symbols ...
The elephants collapsed when the toxin impaired their motor functions and their legs became paralysed. Poaching, intentional poisoning, and anthrax were excluded as potential causes. [85] Elephants may also be host for a variety of parasites and bacteria such as Pasteurella, [86] Salmonella, Clostridium, [87] coccidian, nematode, and trematode ...
Herds make it easier for female elephants to protect their young, so recognizing friendly faces is another incredible survival strategy. Researchers in Africa have witnessed family reunions after ...