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Jutaku simply means "house" in Japanese. [5] Jutaku houses and buildings focus on minimalist, multi-functional spaces to make up for their small sites. Jutaku houses often do not blend with their urban context, making the architectural style a good fit for individualist-oriented cultures. [ 2 ]
Minka (Japanese: 民家, lit. "folk houses") are vernacular houses constructed in any one of several traditional Japanese building styles. In the context of the four divisions of society, Minka were the dwellings of farmers, artisans, and merchants (i.e., the three non-samurai castes). [1]
Japanese housing typically has multiple rooms for what in Western housing is the bathroom. Separate rooms for the Japanese toilet, sink, and ofuro (bathing room) are common. Small apartments, however, frequently contain a tiny single bathroom called a unit bath that contains all three fixtures.
The main building, the shinden (寝殿, sleeping place), is on the central north–south axis and faces south on an open courtyard. Two subsidiary buildings, the tai-no-ya ( 對屋・対屋 , lit. opposing rooms ) , are built to the right and left of the shinden , both running east–west.
The oldest extant shoin style building is the Tōgu-dō at Ginkaku-ji dating from 1485. Other representative examples of early shoin style, also called shuden, include two guest halls at Mii-dera. [10] In the early Edo period, shoin-zukuri reached its peak and spread beyond the residences of the military elite. [6]
During the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, a small Nippon Tea House was built near the North pond that was designed in a loose version of the sukiya-style. [23] Harper's Weekly , a national magazine, ran an article in March 1893 showing the construction of the Japanese contributions to the exhibition.
The typical Kyoto machiya is a long wooden home with narrow street frontage, stretching deep into the city block and often containing one or more small courtyard gardens, known as tsuboniwa. Machiya incorporate earthen walls and baked tile roofs, and are typically one, one and a half or two stories high, occasionally stretching to three stories ...
MoMA initiated their series of "House in the Garden" exhibitions in the courtyard of the Museum in 1949. Architectural director Philip Johnson and curator Arthur Drexler recognized the correspondence between modernism in the Western house and traditional Japanese architecture and proposed to build a Japanese house as the third exhibit of the series.