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In other media, any stream of charged objects (ions, for example) may constitute an electric current. To provide a definition of current independent of the type of charge carriers, conventional current is defined as moving in the same direction as the positive charge flow. So, in metals where the charge carriers (electrons) are negative ...
Bioelectrogenesis — The generation of electricity by living organisms. Capacitive coupling — Transfer of energy within an electrical network or between distant networks by means of displacement current. Contact electrification — The phenomenon of electrification by contact. When two objects were touched together, sometimes the objects ...
Gibbs free energy is a thermodynamic state function that measures the energy available for a system to do work, and is given by the formula G = H – TS, where H is enthalpy, T is temperature, and S is entropy.
An electrochemical cell is a prime example of DC power. Direct current may flow through a conductor such as a wire, but can also flow through semiconductors, insulators, or even through a vacuum as in electron or ion beams. The electric current flows in a constant direction, distinguishing it from alternating current (AC).
The electric field was formally defined as the force exerted per unit charge, but the concept of potential allows for a more useful and equivalent definition: the electric field is the local gradient of the electric potential. Usually expressed in volts per metre, the vector direction of the field is the line of greatest slope of potential, and ...
alternating current (AC) A form of electric current in which the movement of electric charge periodically reverses direction. Contrast direct current. ammeter An instrument that is used to measure electric current. amorphous solid A type of solid which does not have a definite geometric shape. ampere (A) Often abbreviated as amp.
Angle notation can easily describe leading and lagging current: . [1] In this equation, the value of theta is the important factor for leading and lagging current. As mentioned in the introduction above, leading or lagging current represents a time shift between the current and voltage sine curves, which is represented by the angle by which the curve is ahead or behind of where it would be ...
electric current: ampere (A) moment of inertia: kilogram meter squared (kg⋅m 2) intensity: watt per square meter (W/m 2) imaginary unit: unitless electric current: ampere (A) ^ Cartesian x-axis basis unit vector unitless current density: ampere per square meter (A/m 2) impulse