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Common coldwater fish include brook trout, rainbow trout, and brown trout. Coolwater fish species prefer water temperature between the coldwater and the long warmwater species, around 60 to 80 °F (16–27 °C). They are found throughout North America except for the southern portions of the United States.
The American paddlefish is a highly derived fish because it has evolved specialised adaptations such as filter feeding. Its rostrum and cranium are covered with tens of thousands of sensory receptors for locating swarms of zooplankton, its primary food source.
The bluegill sunfish relies heavily on the flexibility of its fins to maintain maneuverability in response to fluid forces. The bluegill's segmentation in its pectoral fin rays mitigates the effects of fluid forces on the fish's movement. [19] The bluegill has a variety of unusual adaptations that allow it to navigate different environments.
The Southern Ocean has supported fish habitats for 400 million years; however, modern notothenioids likely appeared sometime after the Eocene epoch. [3] This period marked the cooling of the Southern Ocean, resulting in the stable, frigid conditions that have persisted to the present day. [3]
The walleye (Sander vitreus, synonym Stizostedion vitreum), also called the walleyed pike, [3] yellow pike, yellow pikeperch or yellow pickerel, [4] is a freshwater perciform fish native to most of Canada and to the Northern United States. It is a North American close relative of the European zander, also known as the pikeperch.
Due to their reputation as strong fighters, they are popular game fish, especially during the summer months when they are most active. [8] [9] The Atlantic spadefish has become a popular target species for sportfishermen due to their abundance and the strong fight they have for their size. They are good table fare, especially if smoked or grilled.
Another important adaptation that aids breathing while out of water is their enlarged gill chambers, where they retain a bubble of air. These chambers close tightly when the fish is above water, due to a ventromedial valve of the gill slit, keeping the gills moist, and allowing them to function while exposed to air.
Similar to adaptation in avian flight, swimming behaviors in fish can be thought of as a balance of stability and maneuverability. [12] Because body-caudal fin swimming relies on more caudal body structures that can direct powerful thrust only rearwards, this form of locomotion is particularly effective for accelerating quickly and cruising ...