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An understanding of cultural relations therefore requires an understanding of contemporary cultures, at both the global and local levels. [8] These cultures include the range of activities and practices of those engaged in cultural governance and policy, production, dissemination and economics.
This increase in global interactions has caused a growth in international trade and the exchange of ideas, beliefs, and culture. Globalization is primarily an economic process of interaction and integration that is associated with social and cultural aspects.
Cultural globalization refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings and values around the world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations. [1] This process is marked by the common consumption of cultures that have been diffused by the Internet , popular culture media, and international travel .
Political globalization is the intensification and expansion of political interrelations around the globe. [2] Aspects of political globalization include the modern-nation state system and its changing place in today's world, the role of global governance, and the direction of our global political systems.
Salvatore Babones discussing sources used by scholars for studying political globalization noted the usefulness of Europa World Year Book for data on diplomatic relationships between countries, publications of International Institute for Strategic Studies such as The Military Balance for matters of military, and US government publication Patterns of Global Terrorism for matters of terrorism.
Scholars critical of global capitalism (and its global ecological and inequality crises) have argued instead for a transnationalism from below between workers and co-operatives as well as popular social and political movements. [8] Transnationalism as concept, theory and experience has nourished an important literature in social sciences.
Cultural economics is the branch of economics that studies the relation of culture to economic outcomes. Here, 'culture' is defined by shared beliefs and preferences of respective groups. Programmatic issues include whether and how much culture matters as to economic outcomes and what its relation is to institutions. [1]
Global cultural flow involves the flow of people, artifacts, and ideas across national boundaries as result of globalization. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] : 296 Global cultural flows can be observed in five interdependent ' Landscapes ', or dimensions, that distinguish the fundamental disjunctures between economy, culture, and politics in the global cultural ...