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The Lehmer random number generator [1] (named after D. H. Lehmer), sometimes also referred to as the Park–Miller random number generator (after Stephen K. Park and Keith W. Miller), is a type of linear congruential generator (LCG) that operates in multiplicative group of integers modulo n. The general formula is
Integer multiplication respects the congruence classes, that is, a ≡ a' and b ≡ b' (mod n) implies ab ≡ a'b' (mod n). This implies that the multiplication is associative, commutative, and that the class of 1 is the unique multiplicative identity. Finally, given a, the multiplicative inverse of a modulo n is an integer x satisfying ax ≡ ...
The second row is the same generator with a seed of 3, which produces a cycle of length 2. Using a = 4 and c = 1 (bottom row) gives a cycle length of 9 with any seed in [0, 8]. A linear congruential generator (LCG) is an algorithm that yields a sequence of pseudo-randomized numbers calculated with a discontinuous piecewise linear equation.
A modular multiplicative inverse of a modulo m can be found by using the extended Euclidean algorithm. The Euclidean algorithm determines the greatest common divisor (gcd) of two integers, say a and m. If a has a multiplicative inverse modulo m, this gcd must be 1. The last of several equations produced by the algorithm may be solved for this gcd.
So g is a primitive root modulo n if and only if g is a generator of the multiplicative group of integers modulo n. Gauss defined primitive roots in Article 57 of the Disquisitiones Arithmeticae (1801), where he credited Euler with coining the term.
If the modulus is prime, the period of a lag-MWC generator is the order of in the multiplicative group of numbers modulo . While it is theoretically possible to choose a non-prime modulus, a prime modulus eliminates the possibility of the initial seed sharing a common divisor with the modulus, which would reduce the generator's period.
The 5th roots of unity in the complex plane under multiplication form a group of order 5. Each non-identity element by itself is a generator for the whole group. In mathematics and physics, the term generator or generating set may refer to any of a number of related concepts.
A combined linear congruential generator (CLCG) is a pseudo-random number generator algorithm based on combining two or more linear congruential generators (LCG). A traditional LCG has a period which is inadequate for complex system simulation. [ 1 ]
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