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The Quran was canonized only after Muhammad's death in 632 CE. According to Islamic tradition the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 23/644–35 AH/655 CE) established the canonical Qur'an, reportedly starting the process in 644 CE, [6] and completing the work around 650 CE (the exact date was not recorded by early Arab annalists). [7]
The history of the Quran, the holy book of Islam, is the timeline ranging from the inception of the Quran during the lifetime of Muhammad (believed to have received the Quran through revelation between 610 and 632 CE [1]), to the emergence, transmission, and canonization of its written copies.
Abu ‘Amr Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd ar-Rahman, al-Makhzumi, better known as Qunbul (195-291 AH / 808-904 CE), [1] was one of the primary transmitters of one of the Qira'at, or the canonical methods of reading the Qur'an. [2] [3] Of the seven primary readings of the Qur'an, Qunbul was a transmitter of the method of Ibn Kathir al-Makki.
The work is presented as a review and synthesis of various hypotheses and historical discoveries related to the birth of Islam, the birth of the Quran, its development, its contextual and textual history, the major issues surrounding this text, its writing, propagation, and its canonization into a unique text. [2] [5]
The Quran, [c] also romanized Qur'an or Koran, [d] is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God . It is organized in 114 chapters ( surah , pl. suwer ) which consist of individual verses ( āyah ).
The dating and text of early manuscripts of the Qur'an have been used as evidence in support of the traditional Islamic views and by sceptics to cast doubt on it. The high number of manuscripts and fragments present from the first 100 years after the reported canonization have made the text one ripe for academic discussion.
A page from the Sanaa manuscript — the oldest Islamic archaeological document to date.. Quranic studies is the academic application of a diverse set of disciplines to study the Quran (including its exegesis and historical reception), drawing on methods including but not limited to ancient history, philology, textual criticism, lexicography, codicology, literary criticism, comparative ...
According to Sunni Muslim tradition it was Abu Bakr (r. 632–634), the first caliph, who compiled The Quran, and Uthman (r. 644–656) the third caliph, who canonized the standard version of Quran since accepted and used by all Muslims worldwide. With the canonization, Uthman commanded that all earlier versions of the Quran be burned. [23]