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An eruption column or eruption plume is a cloud of super-heated ash and tephra suspended in gases emitted during an explosive volcanic eruption. The volcanic materials form a vertical column or plume that may rise many kilometers into the air above the vent of the volcano.
Mount Ruang spewed lava and and ash on April 17, seen from Sitaro, North Sulawesi. It also triggered lightning in the ash cloud -- a common phenomenon in powerful volcano eruptions.
More photos from various days since the eruption show the ash cloud in great detail, looming over villages. According to BNPB, 11,553 citizens have evacuated due to the eruptions. Twenty-three ...
Lassen Peak is dormant, meaning the volcano is merely inactive, and it has a functioning magma chamber under the ground still capable of eruptions. Thus it poses a threat to the nearby area through lava flows , pyroclastic flows , lahars (volcanically induced mudslides , landslides , and debris flows ), ash, avalanches , and floods.
The types of minerals present in volcanic ash are dependent on the chemistry of the magma from which it erupted. Considering that the most abundant elements found in silicate magma are silicon and oxygen, the various types of magma (and therefore ash) produced during volcanic eruptions are most commonly explained in terms of their silica content.
The Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Tokyo has warned that “explosive activity” is continuing. The eruption of the Shiveluch volcano reportedly caused by 7.0-magnitude earthquake on the ...
The ash cloud from the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines traveled more than 5,000 miles and damaged more than 20 airplanes, USGS reported. The incident in 1989, among others ...
Tephrochronology is a geochronological technique that uses discrete layers of tephra—volcanic ash from a single eruption—to create a chronological framework in which paleoenvironmental or archaeological records can be placed. Often, when a volcano explodes, biological organisms are killed and their remains are buried within the tephra layer.