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In old age, the costal cartilages are prone to superficial ossification, particularly in women with age of 50 years and over. [3] In costochondritis and Tietze syndrome, inflammation of the costal cartilage occurs. [4] This is a common cause of chest pain. [5] Severe trauma may lead to fracture of the costal cartilage. [6]
Anatomy of the costal cartilage. Costochondritis typically presents unilaterally (one side), which is typically the left side. [4] It affects primarily the 2nd to 5th ribs at the sternocostal and costochondral joints. [1] The most commonly reported symptom of costochondritis is chest pain that is often exacerbated by movement and deep breathing.
The costal margin is the medial margin formed by the cartilages of the seventh to tenth ribs. It attaches to the body and xiphoid process of the sternum. [2] The thoracic diaphragm attaches to the costal margin. [3] The costal angle is the angle between the left and right costal margins where they join the sternum. [2]
The costochondral joints are the joints between the ribs and costal cartilage in the front of the rib cage. They are hyaline cartilaginous joints (i.e. synchondrosis or primary cartilagenous joint). Each rib has a depression shaped like a cup that the costal cartilage articulates with. There is normally no movement at these joints.
The sternocostal joints, also known as sternochondral joints or costosternal articulations, are synovial plane joints of the costal cartilages of the true ribs with the sternum. [1] The only exception is the first rib , which has a synchondrosis joint since the cartilage is directly united with the sternum. [ 1 ]
The rib cage or thoracic cage is an endoskeletal enclosure in the thorax of most vertebrates that comprises the ribs, vertebral column and sternum, which protect the vital organs of the thoracic cavity, such as the heart, lungs and great vessels and support the shoulder girdle to form the core part of the axial skeleton.
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Costal may refer to: an adjective related to the rib (Latin: costa) in anatomy Costal cartilage, a type of cartilage forming bars which serve to prolong the ribs forward; Costal margin, the medial margin formed by the false ribs; Costal surface (disambiguation) Costal groove, a groove between the ridge of the internal surface of the rib