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There is also FAAC, the same project's encoder, but it is proprietary (but still free of charge). libgsm – Lossy compression ; opencore-amr – Lossy compression (AMR and AMR-WB) liba52 – a free ATSC A/52 stream decoder (AC-3) libdca – a free DTS Coherent Acoustics decoder; Codec2 – Low bitrate compression, primarily voice
Free and open-source software portal; libavcodec is a free and open-source [4] library of codecs for encoding and decoding video and audio data. [5]libavcodec is an integral part of many open-source multimedia applications and frameworks.
Ruffle is a free and open source emulator for playing Adobe Flash (SWF) animation files. Following the deprecation and discontinuation of Adobe Flash Player in January 2021, some websites adopted Ruffle to allow users for continual viewing and interaction with legacy Flash Player content.
Clause D98 of conformance (section 3.10) of the Unicode standard states, "The UTF-16 encoding scheme may or may not begin with a BOM. However, when there is no BOM, and in the absence of a higher-level protocol, the byte order of the UTF-16 encoding scheme is big-endian." Whether or not a higher-level protocol is in force is open to interpretation.
Canaries or canary words or stack cookies are known values that are placed between a buffer and control data on the stack to monitor buffer overflows. When the buffer overflows, the first data to be corrupted will usually be the canary, and a failed verification of the canary data will therefore alert of an overflow, which can then be handled, for example, by invalidating the corrupted data.
Integer overflow can be demonstrated through an odometer overflowing, a mechanical version of the phenomenon. All digits are set to the maximum 9 and the next increment of the white digit causes a cascade of carry-over additions setting all digits to 0, but there is no higher digit (1,000,000s digit) to change to a 1, so the counter resets to zero.
Context-adaptive variable-length coding (CAVLC) is a form of entropy coding used in H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video encoding. It is an inherently lossless compression technique, like almost all entropy-coders. In H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, it is used to encode residual, zig-zag order, blocks of transform coefficients.
UTF-8 is also the recommendation from the WHATWG for HTML and DOM specifications, and stating "UTF-8 encoding is the most appropriate encoding for interchange of Unicode" [4] and the Internet Mail Consortium recommends that all e‑mail programs be able to display and create mail using UTF-8.