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Staphylococcus epidermidis is a Gram-positive bacterium, and one of over 40 species belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. [1] It is part of the normal human microbiota, typically the skin microbiota, and less commonly the mucosal microbiota and also found in marine sponges.
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV) is a skin condition characterised by warty skin lesions. [1] It results from an abnormal susceptibility to HPV infection (HPV). It is associated with a high lifetime risk of squamous cell carcinomas in skin. [1]
The epidermis is the outermost of the three layers that comprise the skin, the inner layers being the dermis and hypodermis. [1] The epidermal layer provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens [2] and regulates the amount of water released from the body into the atmosphere through transepidermal water loss.
Widespread non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer are not included. An epidemic is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time; in meningococcal infections , an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered ...
A viral disease (or viral infection) occurs when an organism's body is invaded by pathogenic viruses, and infectious virus particles (virions) attach to and enter susceptible cells. [ 1 ] Examples include the common cold , gastroenteritis , COVID-19 , the flu , and rabies .
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infection caused by a group of enteroviruses. [10] It typically begins with a fever and feeling generally unwell . [ 10 ] This is followed a day or two later by flat discolored spots or bumps that may blister, on the hands, feet and mouth and occasionally buttocks and groin.
This specificity restricts the virus to a very limited type of cell. For example, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects only human T cells, because its surface protein, gp120, can only react with CD4 and other molecules on the T cell's surface. Plant viruses can only attach to plant cells and cannot infect animals.
The disease results from virus particles in a single sensory ganglion switching from their latent phase to their active phase. [40] Due to difficulties in studying VZV reactivation directly in humans (leading to reliance on small- animal models ), its latency is less well understood than that of the herpes simplex virus. [ 39 ]