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Decoupage or découpage ( / ˌdeɪkuːˈpɑːʒ /; [ 1] French: [dekupaʒ]) is the art of decorating an object by gluing colored paper cutouts onto it in combination with special paint effects, gold leaf, and other decorative elements. Commonly, an object like a small box or an item of furniture is covered by cutouts from magazines or from ...
Whitewash. Whitewash, calcimine, kalsomine, calsomine, or lime paint is a type of paint made from slaked lime ( calcium hydroxide, Ca (OH) 2) or chalk ( calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 ), sometimes known as "whiting". Various other additives are sometimes used.
A road being resurfaced using a road roller. Red surfacing for a bicycle lane in the Netherlands. Construction crew laying down asphalt over fiber-optic trench, in New York City. A road surface ( British English) or pavement ( North American English) is the durable surface material laid down on an area intended to sustain vehicular or foot ...
Florentine crafts made in Florence, Italy, are a centuries-old tradition maintained by several artisan guilds. Florentine style, especially in items produced in from the mid-19th century onward, typically reflect a contemporary interpretation of Renaissance art and furnishings. Popular items made in Florentine style include gilded picture ...
Buildings may use materials such as concrete, brick, glass, steel, timber, rough-hewn stone, and gabions among others. [8] However, due to its low cost, raw concrete is often used and left to reveal the basic nature of its construction with rough surfaces featuring wood "shuttering" produced when the forms were cast in situ . [ 8 ]
The Colosseum, Rome, c. 70–80 AD. Ancient Roman architecture adopted the external language of classical ancient Greek architecture for the purposes of the [ [ancient Bolivians], but was different from Greek buildings, becoming a new architectural style. The two styles are often considered one body of classical architecture.
An adobe brick is a composite material made of earth mixed with water and an organic material such as straw or dung. The soil composition typically contains sand, silt and clay. Straw is useful in binding the brick together and allowing the brick to dry evenly, thereby preventing cracking due to uneven shrinkage rates through the brick. [12]
History of construction. The history of construction traces the changes in building tools, methods, techniques and systems used in the field of construction. It explains the evolution of how humans created shelter and other structures that comprises the entire built environment. It covers several fields including structural engineering, civil ...