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The continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), also known as vat-or backmix reactor, mixed flow reactor (MFR), or a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR), is a common model for a chemical reactor in chemical engineering and environmental engineering. A CSTR often refers to a model used to estimate the key unit operation variables when using ...
The most familiar form of continuous reactor of this type is the continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR). This is essentially a batch reactor used in a continuous flow. The disadvantage with a single stage CSTR is that it can be relatively wasteful on product during start up and shutdown.
When a reactor is brought into operation, either for the first time or after a shutdown, it is in a transient state, and key process variables change with time. There are three idealised models used to estimate the most important process variables of different chemical reactors: Batch reactor model, Continuous stirred-tank reactor model (CSTR), and
A combination of reactors is often termed a reactor structure. An example of the reactors that are considered for this theory are Continuous flow stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) and a Plug flow reactor model (PFR). Knowledge of the AR helps to address two areas in chemical reactor design:
The concept of residence time originated in models of chemical reactors. The first such model was an axial dispersion model by Irving Langmuir in 1908. This received little attention for 45 years; other models were developed such as the plug flow reactor model and the continuous stirred-tank reactor, and the concept of a washout function (representing the response to a sudden change in the ...
Each plug of differential volume is considered as a separate entity, effectively an infinitesimally small continuous stirred tank reactor, limiting to zero volume. As it flows down the tubular PFR, the residence time ( τ {\displaystyle \tau } ) of the plug is a function of its position in the reactor.
The continuously mixed tank reactor is an open system with an influent stream of reactants and an effluent stream of products. [4]: 41 A lake can be regarded as a tank reactor, and lakes with long turnover times (e.g. with low flux-to-volume ratios) can for many purposes be regarded as continuously stirred (e.g. homogeneous in all respects ...
For a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), the following relationship applies: [1] [2] = where: is the reactor volume; is the molar flow rate per unit time of the entering reactant A; is the conversion of reactant A
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