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The input/output arrangements may be built into a simple PLC, or the PLC may have external I/O modules attached to a fieldbus or computer network that plugs into the PLC. The functionality of the PLC has evolved over the years to include sequential relay control, motion control, process control , distributed control systems , and networking .
The AS-Interface is a single-master system, this means a master device exchanges the input and output data with all configured devices. The transmission medium is an unshielded two-wire yellow flat cable. The cable is used for signal transmission and at the same time for power supply (30 V).
An input variable and an input of a block; An output of a block and an input of another block; An output of a block and an output variable; The connection is oriented, meaning that the line carries associated data from the left end to the right end. The left and right ends of the connection line must be of the same type.
SIMATIC devices have input and output modules to connect with controlled machines. The programs on the SIMATIC devices respond in real time to inputs from sensors on the controlled machines, and send output signals to actuators on the machines that direct their subsequent operation.
A-boxes occupied the output address space along with the O-boxes. S-boxes were essentially the same as the O-boxes, but there was no real output device. This enabled storing intermediate results. S-boxes also used the shared output address space. Hence the combined usable output address space of the O-boxes, A-boxes and S-boxes was 255 or fewer.
The "coil" (output of a rung) may represent a physical output which operates some device connected to the programmable controller, or may represent an internal storage bit for use elsewhere in the program. A way to recall these is to imagine the checkers (contacts) as a push button input, and the actuators (coils) as a light bulb output.
Using a logic-based language, a PLC can receive a variety of inputs and return a variety of logical outputs, the input devices being sensors and output devices being motors, valves, etc. PLCs are similar to computers, however, while computers are optimized for calculations, PLCs are optimized for control tasks and use in industrial environments.
A simplified PAL device. The programmable elements (shown as a fuse) connect both the true and complemented inputs to the AND gates. These AND gates, also known as product terms, are ORed together to form a sum-of-products logic array. A programmable logic device (PLD) is an electronic component used to build reconfigurable digital circuits.
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