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All superlative indices produce similar results and are generally the favored formulas for calculating price indices. [14] A superlative index is defined technically as "an index that is exact for a flexible functional form that can provide a second-order approximation to other twice-differentiable functions around the same point."
Agricultural markets are a context where the cobweb model might apply, since there is a lag between planting and harvesting (Kaldor, 1934, p. 133–134 gives two agricultural examples: rubber and corn). Suppose for example that as a result of unexpectedly bad weather, farmers go to market with an unusually small crop of strawberries.
That is, if we consider a sufficiently small change in some exogenous parameter, we can calculate how each endogenous variable changes using only the first derivatives of the terms that appear in the equilibrium equations. For example, suppose the equilibrium value of some endogenous variable is determined by the following equation:
On the other hand, any price below 10 is not an equilibrium price because there is an excess demand (both Alice and Bob want the car at that price), and any price above 20 is not an equilibrium price because there is an excess supply (neither Alice nor Bob want the car at that price). This example is a special case of a double auction.
General equilibrium pricing is then used when evaluating diverse portfolios, creating one asset price for many assets. [7] Calculating an investment or share value here, entails: (i) a financial forecast for the business or project in question; (ii) where the output cashflows are then discounted at the rate returned by the model selected; this ...
Supply chain as connected supply and demand curves. In microeconomics, supply and demand is an economic model of price determination in a market.It postulates that, holding all else equal, the unit price for a particular good or other traded item in a perfectly competitive market, will vary until it settles at the market-clearing price, where the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied ...
This approach is called the indirect way of calculating a Törnqvist index, [4] and it generates numbers that are not exactly the same as a direct calculation. There is research on which method to use based partly on whether price changes or quantity changes are more volatile. [4] For multifactor productivity calculations, the indirect method ...
This will tend to put downward pressure on the price to make it return to equilibrium. Likewise where the price is below the equilibrium point (also known as the "sweet spot" [3]) there is a shortage in supply leading to an increase in prices back to equilibrium. Not all equilibria are "stable" in the sense of equilibrium property P3.