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The Statehood columns provide the year the state either ratified the U.S. Constitution or was admitted to the Union. [15] The date ranges in the Abolition column for Free States indicate when gradual abolition laws were adopted and when slavery finally ended, except for states where slavery was outlawed in a specific year. [16] [17]
State legislators. Lori Wilson, state assemblymember from the 11th district (2022–present) [4] Municipal officials. Karen Bass, Mayor of Los Angeles (2022–present) and former U.S. Representative from CA-37 (2011-2022) [4] Notable individuals. Dolores Huerta, co-founder of the United Farm Workers [5] Organizations. ACLU California Action [4]
Evolution of the enslaved population of the United States as a percentage of the population of each state, 1790–1860. Following the creation of the United States in 1776 and the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1789, the legal status of slavery was generally a matter for individual U.S. state legislatures and judiciaries (outside of several historically significant exceptions ...
In California and Nevada, so-called slavery "loopholes" are on this year's ballot. Much like the 13th Amendment in the U.S. Constitution, many states across the country have an exception for ...
For the record: 12:39 p.m. Nov. 1, 2024: An earlier version of this article stated there were nearly 60,000 prisoners with jobs in California, based on incorrect data provided by prison officials ...
Though California banned slavery in its 1849 Constitution, the state had no laws that made it a crime to keep someone enslaved or require that they be freed, which allowed slavery to continue ...
Mexico gained its independence from Spain, and from 1821 to 1846 California (called Alta California by 1824) was under Mexican rule. The Mexican National Congress passed the Colonization Act of 1824 in which large sections of unoccupied land were granted to individuals, and in 1833 the government secularized missions and consequently many civil authorities at the time confiscated the land from ...
Most California voters possess a more nuanced view on the lasting legacy of slavery and how the state should address those wrongs. Still, there is overwhelming opposition to cash reparations.