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Since 1 mole = 6.02214076 × 10 23 particles (atoms, molecules, ions etc.), 1 joule per mole is equal to 1 joule divided by 6.02214076 × 10 23 particles, ≈1.660539 × 10 −24 joule per particle. This very small amount of energy is often expressed in terms of an even larger unit such as the kJ·mol −1 , because of the typical order of ...
1 kJ/mol, converted to energy per molecule [9] 2.1×10 −21 J Thermal energy in each degree of freedom of a molecule at 25 °C (kT/2) (0.01 eV) [10] 2.856×10 −21 J By Landauer's principle, the minimum amount of energy required at 25 °C to change one bit of information 3–7×10 −21 J
kT (also written as k B T) is the product of the Boltzmann constant, k (or k B), and the temperature, T.This product is used in physics as a scale factor for energy values in molecular-scale systems (sometimes it is used as a unit of energy), as the rates and frequencies of many processes and phenomena depend not on their energy alone, but on the ratio of that energy and kT, that is, on E ...
One mole of particles given 1 eV of energy each has approximately 96.5 kJ of energy – this corresponds to the Faraday constant (F ≈ 96 485 C⋅mol −1), where the energy in joules of n moles of particles each with energy E eV is equal to E·F·n.
The specific heat of the human body calculated from the measured values of individual tissues is 2.98 kJ · kg−1 · °C−1. This is 17% lower than the earlier wider used one based on non measured values of 3.47 kJ · kg−1· °C−1.
The SI unit of molar heat capacity heat is joule per kelvin per mole (J/(K⋅mol), J/(K mol), J K −1 mol −1, etc.). Since an increment of temperature of one degree Celsius is the same as an increment of one kelvin, that is the same as joule per degree Celsius per mole (J/(°C⋅mol)). In chemistry, heat amounts are still often measured in ...
The concept of specific energy is related to but distinct from the notion of molar energy in chemistry, that is energy per mole of a substance, which uses units such as joules per mole, or the older but still widely used calories per mole. [2]
The activation energy (E a) of a reaction is measured in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol) or kilocalories per mole (kcal/mol). [2] Activation energy can be thought of as the magnitude of the potential barrier (sometimes called the energy barrier) separating minima of the potential energy surface pertaining to the initial and final thermodynamic ...