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Unwarranted variation (or geographic variation) in health care service delivery refers to medical practice pattern variation that cannot be explained by illness, medical need, or the dictates of evidence-based medicine. It is one of the causes of low value care often ignored by health systems.
Examination of disparity in healthcare delivery that focuses on whether nonclinical factors such as race, gender, and socioeconomic status influence the care of patients; Efficiency. With increasing healthcare costs, outcomes research focuses on ways to maximize efficiency, limit healthcare costs, and reduce waste in the healthcare system ...
The nursing process is a modified scientific method which is a fundamental part of nursing practices in many countries around the world. [1] [2] [3] Nursing practise was first described as a four-stage nursing process by Ida Jean Orlando in 1958. [4] It should not be confused with nursing theories or health informatics. The diagnosis phase was ...
The NOC is a system to evaluate the effects of nursing care as a part of the nursing process. The NOC contains 330 outcomes, and each with a label, a definition, and a set of indicators and measures to determine achievement of the nursing outcome and are included The terminology is an American Nurses' Association -recognized terminology, is ...
Nursing diagnoses are developed based on data obtained during the nursing assessment. A problem-based nursing diagnosis presents a problem response present at time of assessment. Risk diagnoses represent vulnerabilities to potential problems, and health promotion diagnoses identify areas which can be enhanced to improve health.
Specific to public health policy, a determinant is a health risk that is general, abstract, related to inequalities, and difficult for an individual to control. [2] [3] [4] For example, poverty is known to be a determinant of an individual's standard of health. Risk factors may be used to identify high-risk people.
The information required for practice-based evidence is of three sorts: context (e.g. case mix), intervention (treatment) and outcomes (change). [7] Some mental health services are developing a practice-based evidence culture with the routine measurement of clinical outcomes [8] [9] and creating behavioral health outcomes management programs.
While the number of nurses providing patient care is recognized as an inadequate measure of nursing care quality, there is hard evidence that nurse staffing is directly related to patient outcomes. Studies by Aiken and Needleman have demonstrated that patient death, nosocomial infections, cardiac arrest, and pressure ulcers are linked to ...