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Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart [3] or Mary I of Scotland, [4] was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567. The only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scotland , Mary was six days old when her father died and she inherited the throne.
Mary, Queen of Scots 1542–1587: Frederick II King of Denmark 1534–1588: Henry IV King of France 1553–1610: King James VI and I [a] 1566–1625 r. 1567–1625 (Scotland) r. 1603–1625 (England) Anne of Denmark 1574–1619 Queen of England and Ireland: John IV 1604–1656 King of Portugal: Henry Frederick 1594–1612 Prince of Wales ...
Here in early October she gave birth to Lady Margaret Douglas, the future Countess of Lennox and mother of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, cousin and second husband to Mary, Queen of Scots, and father of the future James VI. [53] While still in the north of England, Queen Margaret learned of the death of her younger son, Alexander.
King of Scots 1512–1542 r. 1513–1542: Mary of Guise 1515–1560: James Duke of Rothesay 1507–1508: Arthur Duke of Rothesay 1509–1510: Alexander Duke of Ross 1514–1515: Henry Stuart Lord Darnley 1545–1567: Mary I Queen of Scots 1542–1587 r. 1542–1567: Francis II King of France 1544–1560: James Earl of Bothwell c. 1534 –1578 ...
Her paternal grandparents, the 4th Earl of Lennox and Margaret Douglas, had, of their eight children, two sons who survived childhood: Arbella's father Charles and his older brother Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, who became the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the father of Arbella's cousin James VI and I of Scotland, England and Ireland.
Mary, Queen of Scots came to Inverness and decided to take Huntly Castle, giving as a cause that the Earl withheld from her a royal cannon lent to him by Regent Arran. Huntly and his wife ordered the cannon to be dismantled and hidden in a cellar. Elizabeth, Countess of Huntly received the queen's messenger Captain Hay on 25 October 1562.
Over 50 encrypted letters written by Mary, Queen of Scots, have been deciphered, revealing the ill-fated monarch’s meditations on a wide variety of subjects.
Upon his death, leading politicians proclaimed Mary's and Edward's Protestant cousin, Lady Jane Grey, as queen instead. Mary speedily assembled a force in East Anglia and deposed Jane, who was eventually beheaded. Mary was—excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the Empress Matilda—the first queen regnant of England.