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Heydrich himself issued an order to include the Jewish women and children in all subsequent shooting operations. [44] Accordingly, by the end of July the entire Jewish population of Vileyka, men, women and children, were murdered. [44] Around 12 August, no less than two-thirds of the Jews shot in Surazh were women and children of all ages. [44]
To do this, Nessler first divided Laible's hair into three plaits, tying each close to her scalp, moistening the hair with a secret mixture, and winding the hair into spirals around metal rods that projected from the head like horns. With self-constructed, electrically heated tongs, similar to a waffle iron, he heated the plait-covered rods ...
Many on the lists below were of Jewish and Polish origin, although Soviet POWs, Jehovah's Witnesses, Serbs, Catholics, Roma and dissidents were also murdered. This list includes people from public life who, owing to their origins , their political or religious convictions, or their sexual orientation , were murdered by the Nazi regime.
After 1880, escalating pogroms alienated both elite opinion and public opinion in the U.S. [22] In 1903, the Kishinev pogrom killed 47 Jews, injured 400, and left 10,000 homeless and dependent on relief. American Jews began large-scale organized financial help and assisted in emigration from Russia. [23]
Of the six million Jews killed during the Holocaust, two million were women. Between 1941 and 1945, Jewish women were imprisoned in Nazi concentration camps or hiding to avoid capture by the Nazis under Adolf Hitler's regime in Germany. [1] [2] They were also sexually harassed, raped, verbally abused, beaten, and used for Nazi human ...
In September 1941, the German dictator Adolf Hitler decided that the 300,000 Jews of German, Austrian or Czech nationality should be deported from Germany by the end of the year. These Jews were sometimes referred to as the Reich Jews. Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich were given the task of organizing the deportation. [3]
If we did not fight the Jews, they would destroy us. It's a life-and-death struggle between the Aryan race and the Jewish bacillus." [29] In November 1941, Goebbels published an article "The Jews are to blame" which returned to Hitler's prophecy of 1939 and stated that world Jewry was suffering a "gradual process of extermination". [26]
More often, only the Jewish police took part in deportations. In most places this never happened. [6] The Jewish police were widely hated among other Jews, [7] and their members were far more likely to be corrupt and self-interested than the Judenrat leaders. [8] In 14 ghettos, Jewish police cooperated with the resistance movement. [7]