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LiDAR receives information by discrete and full-waveform return. Full-waveform (multi-return) is often used for forest analysis by Airborne LiDAR, while discrete return (single return) is used by a ground-based laser scanning method. [19] A laser is reflected whenever it reaches any surfaces.
Lidar imaging comparing old-growth forest (right) to a new plantation of trees (left) Lidar has also found many applications for mapping natural and managed landscapes such as forests, wetlands, [99] and grasslands. Canopy heights, biomass measurements, and leaf area can all be studied using airborne lidar systems.
LiDAR is a key scientific technology used by the League and its forest researchers to aid in measuring tree height, biomass, and leaf area. [19] This information can be useful in reforestation efforts, and also in finding the tallest redwood trees. The League’s first use of LiDAR was made possible by a grant from Kenneth Fisher. [20]
LIDAR can be used to detect ground surface changes. [10] Vegetation remote sensing is a principal application of LIDAR. [11] Radiometers and photometers are the most common instrument in use, collecting reflected and emitted radiation in a wide range of frequencies. The most common are visible and infrared sensors, followed by microwave, gamma ...
Nationally, in 2022 Coops was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada for being "a global leader in the application of remote sensing technology for the management and monitoring of forest ecosystems." [9] He was also named the 2022 Canadian Institute of Forestry Scientific Award recipient. [10]
Recent applications proceed with the integration of geomorphometry with digital image analysis variables obtained by aerial and satellite remote sensing. [7] As the triangulated irregular network (TIN) arose as an alternative model for representing the terrain surface, corresponding algorithms were developed for deriving measurements from it.
The forest is a natural system that can supply different products and services. Forests supply water, mitigate climate change, provide habitats for wildlife including many pollinators which are essential for sustainable food production, provide timber and fuelwood, serve as a source of non-wood forest products including food and medicine, and contribute to rural livelihoods.
Phytogeomorphology is the study of how terrain features affect plant growth. [1] It was the subject of a treatise by Howard and Mitchell in 1985, who were considering the growth and varietal temporal and spatial variability found in forests, but recognized that their work also had application to farming, and the relatively new science (at that time) of precision agriculture.