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The anoxygenic phototrophic iron oxidation was the first anaerobic metabolism to be described within the iron anaerobic oxidation metabolism. The photoferrotrophic bacteria use Fe 2+ as electron donor and the energy from light to assimilate CO 2 into biomass through the Calvin Benson-Bassam cycle (or rTCA cycle) in a neutrophilic environment (pH 5.5-7.2), producing Fe 3+ oxides as a waste ...
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a bacterium that sustains its life cycle at extremely low pH values, and it is one of the very few organisms that gain energy from oxidating ferrous iron (Fe +II). It can make copper from ores water-soluble, and it can sequester both carbon and nitrogen from the atmosphere. [1]
Siderophilic bacteria are bacteria that require or are facilitated by free iron. They may include Vibrio vulnificus, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolica, Salmonella enterica (serotype Typhimurium), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. One possible symptom of haemochromatosis is susceptibility to infections from these species. [1]
Acidithiobacillus is a genus of the Acidithiobacillia in the phylum "Pseudomonadota".This genus includes ten species of acidophilic microorganisms capable of sulfur and/or iron oxidation: Acidithiobacillus albertensis, Acidithiobacillus caldus, Acidithiobacillus cuprithermicus, Acidithiobacillus ferrianus, Acidithiobacillus ferridurans, Acidithiobacillus ferriphilus, Acidithiobacillus ...
In humans, IL-6 production results in low serum iron, making it difficult for invading pathogens to infect. Such iron depletion has been demonstrated to limit bacterial growth in both extracellular and intracellular locations. [47] In addition to "iron withdrawal" tactics, mammals produce an iron –siderophore binding protein, siderochelin.
Iron-oxidizing bacteria are chemotrophic bacteria that derive energy by oxidizing dissolved ferrous iron. They are known to grow and proliferate in waters containing iron concentrations as low as 0.1 mg/L. However, at least 0.3 ppm of dissolved oxygen is needed to carry out the oxidation. [10]
Enterobactin (also known as enterochelin) is a high affinity siderophore that acquires iron for microbial systems. It is primarily found in Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. [1] Enterobactin is the strongest siderophore known, binding to the ferric ion (Fe 3+) with affinity K = 10 52 M −1. [2]
When ferrous iron (Fe 2+) is oxidized to ferric iron (Fe 3+) at mine sites, Fe 3+ spontaneously reacts with water and iron-sulfur compounds like pyrite to produce sulfate and hydrogen ions. [8] During this reaction ferrous iron, which can be utilized by Ferroplasma , is also regenerated leading to a "propagation cycle" where pH is lowered.