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Nitrates are suspected to cause methemoglobinemia. [12] In otherwise healthy individuals, the protective enzyme systems normally present in red blood cells rapidly reduce the methemoglobin back to hemoglobin and hence maintain methemoglobin levels at less than one percent of the total hemoglobin concentration.
The structure of cytochrome b5 reductase, the enzyme that converts methemoglobin to hemoglobin. [1]Methemoglobin (British: methaemoglobin, shortened MetHb) (pronounced "met-hemoglobin") is a hemoglobin in the form of metalloprotein, in which the iron in the heme group is in the Fe 3+ state, not the Fe 2+ of normal hemoglobin.
G6PD deficient red cells in combination with high levels of oxidants causes a cross-linking of sulfhydryl groups on globin chains which causes a denaturing and formation of Heinz body precipitates. [8] Heinz bodies can also be found in chronic liver disease. [9] Alpha-thalassemia. Normal adult hemoglobin is composed of two alpha and two beta ...
The soluble isoform of cytochrome b5 reductase is found only present in red blood cells. On erythrocytes, red blood cells, the c5br enzyme is responsible for the recycling and conversion of methemoglobin to hemoglobin. [6] Methemoglobin is an oxidized form of hemoglobin attached to a ferric-state iron (Fe3+), which can therefore not carry and ...
Coronavirus diseases are caused by viruses in the coronavirus subfamily, a group of related RNA viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans and birds, the group of viruses cause respiratory tract infections that can range from mild to lethal.
Recent studies have suggested that people's blood types may affect their risk of contracting the COVID-19 virus or developing a serious case of the disease.
The betacoronaviruses of the greatest clinical importance concerning humans are OC43 and HKU1 (which can cause the common cold) of lineage A, SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 (the causes of SARS and COVID-19 respectively) of lineage B, [2] and MERS-CoV (the cause of MERS) of lineage C. MERS-CoV is the first betacoronavirus belonging to lineage C that ...
Prior to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 as a pathogen infecting humans, there had been two previous zoonosis-based coronavirus epidemics, those caused by SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. [ 18 ] The first known infections from SARS‑CoV‑2 were discovered in Wuhan, China. [ 80 ]