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The existence of a receptor for transferrin iron uptake has been recognized since the late 1950s. [2] Earlier two transferrin receptors in humans, transferrin receptor 1 and transferrin receptor 2 had been characterized and until recently cellular iron uptake was believed to occur chiefly via these two well documented transferrin receptors ...
Transferrin receptor protein 1 (TfR1), also known as Cluster of Differentiation 71 (CD71), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFRC gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] TfR1 is required for iron import from transferrin into cells by endocytosis .
Transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TFR2 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] This protein is involved in the uptake of transferrin -bound iron into cells by endocytosis , although its role is minor compared to transferrin receptor 1 .
Transferrin receptor 1; Transferrin receptor 2; Transferrin saturation This page was last edited on 26 January 2023, at 02:33 (UTC). Text is available under the ...
Most cell types take up iron primarily through receptor-mediated endocytosis via transferrin receptor 1 (TFR1), transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) and GAPDH. TFR1 has a 30-fold higher affinity for transferrin-bound iron than TFR2 and thus is the main player in this process.
[1] Blood testing of the soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is used as a measure of functional iron status and the investigation of iron deficiency anemia. Ferritin, a routine investigation for anemia, is an acute-phase reactant, and may be elevated in states of inflammation, thereby falsely indicating that iron stores are adequate. [2]
Human transferrin is encoded by the TF gene and produced as a 76 kDa glycoprotein. [7] [8] Transferrin glycoproteins bind iron tightly, but reversibly. Although iron bound to transferrin is less than 0.1% (4 mg) of total body iron, it forms the most vital iron pool with the highest rate of turnover (25 mg/24 h).
The protein encoded by this gene is an integral membrane protein that is similar to MHC class I-type proteins and associates with beta-2 microglobulin (beta2M). It is thought that this protein functions to regulate circulating iron uptake by regulating the interaction of the transferrin receptor with transferrin.