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Aethina tumida, commonly known as small hive beetle (SHB), is a beekeeping pest. [1] It is native to sub-Saharan Africa, but has spread to many other regions, including North America, Australia, and the Philippines. The small hive beetle primarily lives within the beehive and they are fed on pollen, honey and dead bees.
Construction of the 'propolis prisons' by some workers takes 1–4 days but is accompanied by other workers guarding the small hive beetle to prevent it escaping. Guards have been observed remaining day and night for up to 57 days and attacking the small hive beetle if it tried to escape. [33]
Cetonia aurata, called the rose chafer or the green rose chafer, is a beetle, 20 millimetres (3 ⁄ 4 in) long, that has a metallic structurally coloured green and a distinct V-shaped scutellum. The scutellum is the small V-shaped area between the wing cases; it may show several small, irregular, white lines and marks.
Guard bees will stand at the front of the hive entrance, defending it from any invaders such as wasps. The number of guards varies from season to season and from species to species. Entrance size and daily traffic also play an integral role in the number of guard bees present.
The lifecycle of this beetle includes pupation in the ground outside of the hive. Controls to prevent ants from climbing into the hive are believed to also be effective against the hive beetle. Several beekeepers are experimenting with the use of diatomaceous earth around the hive as a way to disrupt the beetle's lifecycle. The diatoms abrade ...
Harpalinae is the largest subfamily of ground beetles, containing more than 19,000 species worldwide. [1]Chlaenius purpuricollis, a member of Harpalinae in the tribe Chlaeniini.
Agathidium vaderi is a species of round fungus beetle in the family Leiodidae. It is found in North America. It is found in North America. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The beetle was named after the fictional character Darth Vader by Cornell University entomologists due to its shiny helmetlike head that resembles that of the Star Wars villain.
The alarm pheromone has shown to be attractive to the small hive beetle. Therefore, there is a tradeoff between recruiting guards bees to defend the invaders and attract more beetles. The small hive beetle has a lower sensing threshold for the honeybee pheromone, which exacerbates the damage to honeybee hive. [39]