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This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 155 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918) G., Arun et alli (2017) - Anatomical variations in superior attachment of uncinate process and localization of frontal sinus outflow tract. International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, 3(2):176-179
The frontonasal duct may or may not drain into the ethmoidal infundibulum - this is determined by the place of attachment of the uncinate process of the ethmoid bone: if the uncinate process is attached to the lateral nasal wall, the frontonasal duct will open directly into the middle nasal meatus; if otherwise, it will drain into the infundibulum.
A curved lamina, the uncinate process, projects downward and backward from this part of the labyrinth; it forms a small part of the medial wall of the maxillary sinus, and articulates with the ethmoidal process of the inferior nasal concha. [1] The medial surface of the labyrinth forms part of the lateral wall of the corresponding nasal cavity.
The ethmoid bone is an anterior cranial bone located between the eyes. [3] It contributes to the medial wall of the orbit, the nasal cavity, and the nasal septum. [3] The ethmoid has three parts: cribriform plate, ethmoidal labyrinth, and perpendicular plate.
The ethmoidal labyrinth is divided by multiple obliquely oriented, parallel lamellae. The first lamellae is equivalent to the uncinate process of ethmoid bone, the second corresponds the ethmoid bulla, and the third is the basal lamella, and the fourth is equivalent to the superior nasal concha. [5]
The bone window of this aperture itself is much larger, but the actual opening is much reduced [3] by the following: the uncinate process of the ethmoid superiorly, the ethmoidal process of inferior nasal concha inferiorly, the perpendicular plate of palatine bone posteriorly, and a small part of the lacrimal bone anteriorly and superiorly, [4 ...
Below the bulla ethmoidalis and hidden by the uncinate process of the ethmoid is the opening of the maxillary sinus (ostium maxillare); an accessory opening is frequently present above the posterior part of the inferior nasal concha. The inferior meatus is the largest of the three. It lies below the inferior concha and above the nasal cavity.
Uncinate process of ethmoid bone, a process located in the nasal cavity; Uncinate process of vertebra, a hook-shaped process on the lateral borders (side edges) of the superior (top) surface of the vertebral bodies of the third to the seventh cervical vertebrae; Uncinate process of pancreas, a small projection from the pancreas