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Uncapitalised, the word, in English, is an obsolete term for animism and other religious practices involving the invocation of spiritual beings, including shamanism. Spiritual evolution : The philosophical / theological / esoteric idea that nature and human beings and/or human culture evolve along a predetermined cosmological pattern or ascent ...
The terms esoteric and arcane can also be used to describe the occult, [4] [5] in addition to their meanings unrelated to the supernatural. The term occult sciences was used in the 16th century to refer to astrology , alchemy , and natural magic , which today are considered pseudosciences .
Douglass, R. C. Metaphysical Bible Dictionary: An Interpretation of the Symbolical Meaning of Scripture Names. Kansas City: Unity School of Christianity. Holmes, Ernest (2010) New Thought Terms and Their Meanings: A Dictionary of the Terms and Commonly Used in Metaphysical and Psychological Study. Martino Publishing. Fillmore, Charles (1997).
οἰκείωσις: self-ownership and extension. The process of self-awareness in all animals, which in humans leads to a sense of community. orexis ὄρεξις: desire, inclination towards a thing. Opposite of ekklisis. ousia οὐσία: substance, being.
Wilkins, a 17th-century philosopher, had proposed a universal language based on a classification system that would encode a description of the thing a word describes into the word itself—for example, Zi identifies the genus beasts; Zit denotes the "difference" rapacious beasts of the dog kind; and finally Zitα specifies dog.
The best-known source of many English words used for collective groupings of animals is The Book of Saint Albans, an essay on hunting published in 1486 and attributed to Juliana Berners. [1] Most terms used here may be found in common dictionaries and general information web sites. [2] [3] [4
Animism encompasses beliefs that all material phenomena have agency, that there exists no categorical distinction between the spiritual and physical world, and that soul, spirit, or sentience exists not only in humans but also in other animals, plants, rocks, geographic features (such as mountains and rivers), and other entities of the natural ...
Describing in philosophical terms what a non-physical entity actually is (or would be) can prove problematic. A convenient example of what constitutes a non-physical entity is a ghost . Gilbert Ryle once labelled Cartesian dualism as positing the " ghost in the machine ".