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Rare ultramassive stars that exceed this limit – for example in the R136 star cluster – might be explained by the following proposal: Some of the pairs of massive stars in close orbit in young, unstable multiple-star systems must, on rare occasions, collide and merge when certain unusual circumstances hold that make a collision possible. [3]
Widely recognised as being among the largest known stars, [19] radius decreased to ~500 R ☉ during the 2020 great dimming event. [71] R Horologii: 635 [56] L/T eff: A red giant star with one of the largest ranges in brightness known of stars in the night sky visible to the unaided eye. Despite its large radius, it is less massive than the Sun.
For the giant planets, the "radius" is defined as the distance from the center at which the atmosphere reaches 1 bar of atmospheric pressure. [ 11 ] Because Sedna and 2002 MS 4 have no known moons, directly determining their mass is impossible without sending a probe (estimated to be from 1.7x10 21 to 6.1×10 21 kg for Sedna [ 12 ] ).
In this map of the Observable Universe, objects appear enlarged to show their shape. From left to right celestial bodies are arranged according to their proximity to the Earth. This horizontal (distance to Earth) scale is logarithmic.
Name Mass (M ☉) Distance ()Companion class Mass determination method Notes Refs. PSR J1748-2021B: 2.548 +0.047 −0.078: 27,700: D: Rate of advance of periastron.: In globular cluster NGC 6440.
Mass loss is largest for high-luminosity stars with low surface gravity and enhanced levels of heavy elements in the photosphere. R136a1 loses 1.6 × 10 −4 M ☉ ( 3.21 × 10 18 kg/s ) per year, over a billion times more than the Sun loses, and is expected to have shed about 35 M ☉ since its formation.
Discovered through gamma-ray burst mapping. Largest-known regular formation in the observable universe. [8] Huge-LQG (2012–2013) 4,000,000,000 [9] [10] [11] Decoupling of 73 quasars. Largest-known large quasar group and the first structure found to exceed 3 billion light-years. "The Giant Arc" (2021) 3,300,000,000 [12] Located 9.2 billion ...
Previously known to be the heaviest planet of 26.4 M J, CoRoT-3A b currently has 21.66 ± 1.00 M J. [62] Kepler-90h: 1.01 ± 0.09 [221] ← 0.639 ± 0.016 [222] Located in the Kepler-90 system with eight known exoplanets, whose architecture is similar to that of the Solar System, with rocky planets being closer to the star and gas giants being