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An epinephrine autoinjector (or adrenaline autoinjector, also known by the trademark EpiPen) is a medical device for injecting a measured dose or doses of epinephrine (adrenaline) by means of autoinjector technology. It is most often used for the treatment of anaphylaxis. The first epinephrine autoinjector was brought to market in 1983.
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The "Auvi-Q" epinephrine autoinjector uses this design. [8] A newer variant of the autoinjector is the gas jet autoinjector, which contains a cylinder of pressurized gas and propels a fine jet of liquid through the skin without using a needle. This has the advantage that patients who fear needles are more accepting of using these devices.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires autoinjector expiration dates to ensure that the devices never contain less than 90% of the original dose of epinephrine, the study team notes.
Some medications are formulated as injector pens to quicken the onset of action of the medication. This includes epinephrine, which when used to treat anaphylaxis must work as soon as possible. [19] Contrary to most other injector pens, epinephrine injector pens are designed to administer the medication via intramuscular injection. [19]
The nasal-spray Neffy was rejected by the FDA. The epinephrine nasal spray would've been the first needle-free alternative to EpiPens, but the FDA said additional research was needed.
A trio of top Senate Democrats is demanding the federal government require airlines to carry epinephrine auto-injectors – such as EpiPens – on board commercial flights.
There is an epinephrine metered-dose inhaler sold over the counter in the United States to relieve bronchial asthma. [67] [68] It was introduced in 1963 by Armstrong Pharmaceuticals. [69] A common concentration for epinephrine is 2.25% w/v epinephrine in solution, which contains 22.5 mg/mL, while a 1% solution is typically used for aerosolization.