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Elaborating upon Isis's role as a wife and mother in the Osiris myth, aretalogies call her the inventor of marriage and parenthood. She was invoked to protect women in childbirth and, in ancient Greek novels such as the Ephesian Tale, to protect their virginity. [157] Some ancient texts called her the patroness of women in general.
Collyridianism (or Kollyridianism) was an Early Christian movement in Arabia whose adherents worshipped the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus, as a goddess, and possibly as a member of the Trinity. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The existence of the sect is subject to some dispute by scholars, as the only contemporary source to describe it is the Panarion of St ...
The Isis Apocalypse: The History, Strategy, and Doomsday Vision of the Islamic State (Reprint ed.). New York City: St Martin's Press. ISBN 978-1250112644. Nance, Malcolm (2017). Defeating ISIS: Who They Are, How They Fight, What They Believe. New York City: Skyhorse Publishing. ISBN 978-1510711846. Warrick, Joby (2015). Black Flags: The Rise of ...
(also called Isis) [46] The "Mistress of Kush" and "Mistress of Heaven, Earth, and the Underworld," she was an all-embracing mother and protector goddess. She was absorbed into the image of indigenous, Nubian mother goddesses and became a representation of the Queen Mothers and Kandakes of Kush. [ 47 ]
A caliph is the supreme religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. [1] [2] Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim Ummah as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, [3] and widely-recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic history.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
Roman statue of Isis, second century CE. Greco-Roman mysteries were voluntary, secret initiation rituals. [2] They were dedicated to a particular deity or group of deities, and used a variety of intense experiences, such as nocturnal darkness interrupted by bright light, or loud music or noise, that induced a state of disorientation and an intense religious experience.
The battle between the young Ismā'īl and Shah Farrukh Yassar of Shirvan. Ismail I was born to Martha and Shaykh Haydar on July 17, 1487, in Ardabil.His father, Haydar, was the sheikh of the Safavid tariqa (Sufi order) and a direct descendant of its Kurdish founder, [16] [17] [18] Safi-ad-din Ardabili (1252–1334).