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Airborne infections usually land in the respiratory system, with the agent present in aerosols (infectious particles < 5 μm in diameter). [28] This includes dry particles, often the remnant of an evaporated wet particle called nuclei, and wet particles.
Symptoms usually occur acutely, [4] and the most common symptoms of infection are fever, headache, altered mental status, sensitivity to light, stiff neck and back, vomiting, confusion, and, in severe cases, seizures, paralysis, and coma. Neuropsychiatric features such as behavioral changes, hallucinations, or cognitive decline are frequent.
Possible complications of mucormycosis include the partial loss of neurological function, blindness, and clotting of blood vessels in the brain or lung. [27] As treatment usually requires extensive and often disfiguring facial surgery, the effect on life after surviving, particularly sinus and brain involvement, is significant. [32]
It may imitate, and is in turn imitated by, a number of other diseases that affect the blood vessels of the brain diffusely such as fibromuscular dysplasia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. [3] Primary CNS vasculitis has an incidence of 2.4 cases per 1 million people, with an associated mortality of 8-23% and a 25% risk of severe ...
The sepsis type of infection is much more deadly, and results in a severe blood poisoning called meningococcal sepsis that affects the entire body. In this case, bacterial toxins rupture blood vessels and can rapidly shut down vital organs. Within hours, patient's health can change from seemingly good to mortally ill. [11] [unreliable source?]
Meningovascular syphilis is often in the intermediate stage of neurosyphilis, typically presenting 5 to 12 years after infection. [6] It is due to inflammation of the blood vessels supplying the central nervous system, resulting in the death of brain tissue called ischemia. It may present as stroke or spinal cord injury. Signs and symptoms vary ...
Hypertension (high blood pressure) is the most important contributing risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular diseases as it can change the structure of blood vessels and result in atherosclerosis. [5] Atherosclerosis narrows blood vessels in the brain, resulting in decreased cerebral perfusion.
The CNS viral diseases are caused by viruses that attack the CNS. Existing and emerging viral CNS infections are major sources of human morbidity and mortality. Virus infections usually begin in the peripheral tissues, and can invade the mammalian system by spreading into the peripheral nervous system and more rarely the CNS.