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A value chain is a progression of activities that a business or firm performs in order to deliver goods and services of value to an end customer.The concept comes from the field of business management and was first described by Michael Porter in his 1985 best-seller, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance.
The idea of GVCs did not have a single source. While there are connections to the notions of “commodity chain” introduced by Immanuel Wallerstein and “value chain” analyzed by Michael Porter, the GVC framework included distinctive elements that differentiated it from previous paradigms. The emphasis on the power of lead firms in global ...
The existence of a global value chain (i.e. where different stages in the production and consumption of materials and products of value take place in different parts of the world) implies a global supply chain engaged in the movement of those materials and products on a global basis.
A supply chain is the network of all the individuals, organizations, resources, activities and technology involved in the creation and sale of a product. A supply chain encompasses everything from the delivery of source materials from the supplier to the manufacturer through to its eventual delivery to the end user.
Resilient supply networks should align their strategies and operations to adapt to risk that affects network capacities. There are 4 levels of supply chain resilience: reactive supply chain management. internal supply chain integration with planned buffers. collaboration across extended supply chain networks.
Examples could include “the global cotton value chain”, [9] “the southern African maize value chain” or “the Brazilian coffee value chain”; A national or local commodity market or marketing system such as “the Ghanaian tomato value chain” or “”the Accra tomato value chain”; A supply chain, which can cover both of the above;
Supply-chain management (SCM) has become increasingly relevant in theory and practice in light of more-complex supply chains. The SCM performs extensive operational tasks, including supply-chain controlling. Seuring [1] transfers the three main concepts of German supply chain-controlling literature into the specific demands of SCM:
A monopoly produced through vertical integration is called a vertical monopoly: vertical in a supply chain measures a firm's distance from the final consumers; for example, a firm that sells directly to the consumers has a vertical position of 0, a firm that supplies to this firm has a vertical position of 1, and so on. [2]