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Canada is divided into 10 provinces and three territories.The majority of Canada's population is concentrated in the areas close to the Canada–US border.Its four largest provinces by area (Ontario, Quebec, British Columbia, and Alberta) are also its most populous; together they account for 86.5 percent of the country's population.
The main driver of population growth is immigration, [8] [9] with 6.2% of the country's population being made up of temporary residents as of 2023, [10] or about 2.5 million people. [11] Between 2011 and May 2016, Canada's population grew by 1.7 million people, with immigrants accounting for two-thirds of the increase. [12]
A map of Canada showing the percent of self-reported Indigenous identity (First Nations, Inuit, Métis) by census division, according to the 2021 Canadian census [10]. A variety of estimations have been postulated for the Indigenous population in what is now Canada prior to European contact. [11]
The largest iwi by population at the 2013 census was Ngāpuhi (125,601), followed by Ngāti Porou (71,049), Ngāi Tahu (54,819) and Waikato (40,083). However, over 110,000 people of Māori descent could not identify their iwi. [118] Outside of New Zealand, a large Māori population exists in Australia.
[14] [15] In 2011, Statistics Canada identified 942 population centres in Canada. Some population centres cross municipal boundaries and not all municipalities contain a population centre while others have more than one. [16] The population centre level of geography is further divided into the following three groupings based on population: [14]
Of the 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021 approximately 25.4 million reported being White, representing 69.8 percent of the population. [2] [8] The indigenous population representing 5 percent or 1.8 million individuals, grew by 9.4 percent compared to the non-Indigenous population, which grew by 5.3 percent from 2016 to 2021. [9]
Canada covers 9,984,670 km 2 (3,855,100 sq mi) and a panoply of various geoclimatic regions, of which there are seven main regions. [9] Canada also encompasses vast maritime terrain, with the world's longest coastline of 243,042 kilometres (151,019 mi). [20] The physical geography of Canada is widely varied.
The 2021 census reported that immigrants (individuals born outside Canada) comprise 4,145 persons or 10.3 percent of the total population of the Northwest Territories. [ 13 ] Immigrants in Northwest Territories by country of birth