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Coca-Cola used coca leaf extract in its products from 1885 until about 1903, when it began using decocainized leaf extract. [9] [10] [11] Extraction of cocaine from coca requires several solvents and a chemical process known as an acid–base extraction, which can fairly easily extract the alkaloids from the plant.
Trituration of the free base from cocaine hydrochloride (or "cooking") is done by dissolving the cocaine hydrochloride in water over constant heat, while simultaneously adding a base (such as baking soda) to form the free base cocaine. The free base of cocaine forms a solid "rock", pieces of which can be smoked directly (crack cocaine). [4]
In South America, coca paste, also known as cocaine base and, therefore, often confused with cocaine sulfate in North America, is relatively inexpensive and is widely used by low-income consumers. The coca paste is smoked in tobacco or cannabis cigarettes and use has become widespread in several Latin American countries.
Hindu religion in India, Rastafari movements, Cannabis-based religions like First Church of Cannabis or International Church of Cannabis and other various groups (see entheogenic use of cannabis) Chacruna: Psychotria viridis: Leaf: DMT Psychedelic: UDV of Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and the Brazilian church. Santo Daime have used it as part of ...
The highest prevalence of cocaine use was in Australia and New Zealand (2.1%), followed by North America (2.1%), Western and Central Europe (1.4%), and South and Central America (1.0%). [36] Since 1961, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs has required countries to make recreational use of cocaine a crime. [37]
Drug precursors, also referred to as precursor chemicals or simply precursors, are substances used to manufacture illicit drugs. Most precursors also have legitimate commercial uses and are legally used in a wide variety of industrial processes and consumer products, such as medicines, flavourings, and fragrances.
Caffeinated alcoholic drink: Alcohol: Cannabis: Tincture of cannabis. Herb and Al. Judgement Day Cross fading, twisting, getting twisted [13] Called Judgement Day in Ghana when cannabis is added to the drink Alcohol: Cocaine: Snow-cone Snow-coning Ethanol is metabolized into cocaethylene [14] Alcohol: MDMA: Tipsy flip Tipsy flipping It may be ...
In 2005, scientists found surprisingly large quantities of benzoylecgonine in Italy's Po River and used its concentration to estimate the number of cocaine users in the region. [4] In 2006, a similar study was performed in the Swiss ski town of Saint-Moritz using wastewater to estimate the daily cocaine consumption of the population. [ 5 ]