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The Transcendental Argument for the existence of God (TAG) is an argument that attempts to prove the existence of God by appealing to the necessary conditions for the possibility of experience and knowledge. [1] A version was formulated by Immanuel Kant in his 1763 work The Only Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence ...
By definition, God is a being than which none greater can be imagined. A being that necessarily exists in reality is greater than a being that does not necessarily exist. Thus, by definition, if God exists as an idea in the mind but does not necessarily exist in reality, then we can imagine something that is greater than God.
3. So, human reason cannot come from non-reason (from 2). 4. So human reason must come from a source outside nature that is itself rational (from 1 and 3). 5. This supernatural source of reason may itself be dependent on some further source of reason, but a chain of such dependent sources cannot go on forever.
In the philosophy of religion, a cosmological argument is an argument for the existence of God based upon observational and factual statements concerning the universe (or some general category of its natural contents) typically in the context of causation, change, contingency or finitude.
The Proof of the Living God - Arthur T. Pierson; History of the Higher Criticism - Dyson Hague; A Personal Testimony - Howard A. Kelly; Volume II: The Testimony of the Monuments to the Truth of the Scriptures - George Frederick Wright; The Recent Testimony of Archaeology to the Scriptures - Melvin Grove Kyle; Fallacies of the Higher Criticism ...
Some philosophical theists are persuaded of God's existence by philosophical arguments, while others consider themselves to have a religious faith that need not be, or could not be, supported by rational argument. Philosophical theism has parallels with the 18th century philosophical view called Deism.
Descartes defends CAP by quoting Roman philosopher Lucretius: "Ex nihilo nihil fit", meaning "Nothing comes from nothing".—Lucretius [1]: 146–482 . In his meditations, Descartes uses the CAP to support his trademark argument for the existence of God.
In replying to the second argument, Paley made a tactical retreat from traditional attributes of God to a more limited definition, in which unity went "no further than to a unity of counsel". It sufficed that God demonstrated plan, intelligence and foresight, had inconceivable power, and showed goodness through perceived design being beneficial ...