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However, MOND struggles to explain a range of other observations, such as the acoustic peaks of the cosmic microwave background and the Bullet cluster; furthermore, because MOND is not a relativistic theory, it struggles to explain relativistic effects such as gravitational lensing and gravitational waves. Finally, a major weakness of MOND is ...
Tensor–vector–scalar gravity (TeVeS), [1] developed by Jacob Bekenstein in 2004, is a relativistic generalization of Mordehai Milgrom's Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) paradigm. [2] [3] The main features of TeVeS can be summarized as follows: As it is derived from the action principle, TeVeS respects conservation laws;
By 1997, MOND had been successfully incorporated in a stratified relativistic theory [Sanders], but as this is a preferred frame theory it has problems of its own. Bekenstein [63] introduced a tensor–vector–scalar model (TeVeS).
AQUAL is a theory of gravity based on Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), but using a Lagrangian.It was developed by Jacob Bekenstein and Mordehai Milgrom in their 1984 paper, "Does the missing mass problem signal the breakdown of Newtonian gravity?".
Entropic gravity provides an underlying framework to explain Modified Newtonian Dynamics, or MOND, which holds that at a gravitational acceleration threshold of approximately 1.2 × 10 −10 m/s 2, gravitational strength begins to vary inversely linearly with distance from a mass rather than the normal inverse-square law of the distance.
MOND is not a relativistic theory, although relativistic theories which reduce to MOND have been proposed, such as tensor–vector–scalar gravity (TeVeS), [5] [39] scalar–tensor–vector gravity (STVG), and the f(R) theory of Capozziello and De Laurentis. [40]
MOND - A Pedagogical Review - M. Milgrom, 2001; M. Milgrom @ Astrophysics Data System "MOND: Scale invariance at low accelerations - an alternative to the dark Universe". YouTube. Weizmann Institute of Science. May 11, 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21.
Bi-scalar tensor vector gravity theory (BSTV) [1] is an extension of the tensor–vector–scalar gravity theory (). [2] TeVeS is a relativistic generalization of Mordehai Milgrom's Modified Newtonian Dynamics MOND paradigm proposed by Jacob Bekenstein. [3]