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The test is able to provide a diagnostic of context anxiety and overall communication apprehension by simply adding the sub scores and comparing the total score. Results of administration of the PRCA-24 in a variety of contexts generally reveal public speaking to be the mode of oral communication which generating the highest levels of apprehension.
Foreign language anxiety, however, is situation-specific and so it can also affect individuals who are not characteristically anxious in other situations. [2] Its main causes are communication-apprehension, test anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation. [2] There is also a psychological component to foreign language anxiety. [3]
The speech shadowing technique had also been used to research whether it is the action of producing speech or concentration on the semantics of speech that distracts drivers. The task of simple speech shadowing had no effects on driving ability but the combination of simple speech shadowing with a content associated follow-up activity showed ...
International English Language Testing System (IELTS / ˈ aɪ. ɛ l t s /) [6] is an international standardized test of English language proficiency for non-native English language speakers. It is jointly managed by the British Council , IDP and Cambridge English , [ 6 ] and was established in 1989.
Cambridge Assessment English or Cambridge English develops and produces Cambridge English Qualifications and the International English Language Testing System ().The organisation contributed to the development of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), the standard used around the world to benchmark language skills, [2] and its qualifications and tests are aligned with ...
Glossophobia or speech anxiety is the fear of public speaking. [1] The word glossophobia derives from the Greek γλῶσσα glossa (tongue) and φόβος phobos (fear or dread.) The causes of glossophobia are uncertain but explanations include communibiology and the illusion of transparency .
Results across most Cambridge English exams are reported on the same common scale, making it easier to see how performance on one exam relates to performance on another. Learners who take two or more exams in succession will be able to understand how their level of English in each of the different skills is improving from one exam to the next. [11]
Test anxiety can also be labeled as anticipatory anxiety, situational anxiety or evaluation anxiety. Some anxiety is normal and often helpful to stay mentally and physically alert. [ 13 ] When one experiences too much anxiety, however, it can result in emotional or physical distress, difficulty concentrating, and emotional worry.