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An erosion gully in Australia caused by rabbits, an unintended consequence of their introduction as game animals. In the social sciences, unintended consequences (sometimes unanticipated consequences or unforeseen consequences, more colloquially called knock-on effects) are outcomes of a purposeful action that are not intended or foreseen.
Decision uncertainty, positive performance trend information, and expressed preference for initial decision have been found to have positive relationships. [ 9 ] High costs of ending a project or changing its course, potential financial gain upon completion, and extensive structure can factor in to escalation of commitment, making it difficult ...
Path dependence is a concept in the social sciences, referring to processes where past events or decisions constrain later events or decisions. [1] [2] It can be used to refer to outcomes at a single point in time or to long-run equilibria of a process. [3]
Manifest functions are the consequences that people see, observe or even expect. It is explicitly stated and understood by the participants in the relevant action. The manifest function of a rain dance, according to Merton in his 1957 Social Theory and Social Structure, is to produce rain, and this outcome is intended and desired by people participating in the ritual.
Oftentimes, this illusion causes individuals to embrace the decision, as bad as it may be, if they feel their disagreement is not shared with the other members of the group. [ 10 ] Perhaps the most researched consequence of pluralistic ignorance from an individualistic perspective is the bystander effect .
To understand all the consequences of an important choice takes time and attention -- even if both are hard to come by. I've written before about the importance of sleep. Tired brains lose their ...
The ideas of this theory were developed by Kenneth Ferraro and colleagues as an integrative or middle-range theory.Originally specified in five axioms and nineteen propositions, cumulative inequality theory incorporates elements from the following theories and perspectives, several of which are related to the study of society:
However, negative utilitarianism lays out a consequentialist theory that focuses solely on minimizing bad consequences. One major difference between these two approaches is the agent's responsibility. Positive consequentialism demands that we bring about good states of affairs, whereas negative consequentialism requires that we avoid bad ones ...