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It is unusual for a language to contrast a semivowel and a diphthong containing an equivalent vowel, [citation needed] but Romanian contrasts the diphthong /e̯a/ with /ja/, a perceptually similar approximant-vowel sequence. The diphthong is analyzed as a single segment, and the approximant-vowel sequence is analyzed as two separate segments.
It can be considered the semivocalic equivalent of the close central unrounded vowel [ɨ] The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, but it can be transcribed as j̠ , j˗ (both symbols denote a retracted j ), ɰ̟ or ɰ˖ (both symbols denote an advanced ɰ ).
Therefore, approximants fall between fricatives, which do produce a turbulent airstream, and vowels, which produce no turbulence. [3] This class is composed of sounds like [ɹ] (as in rest) and semivowels like [j] and [w] (as in yes and west, respectively), as well as lateral approximants like [l] (as in less). [4]
The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association. It is not a complete list of all possible speech sounds in the world's languages, only those about which stand-alone articles exist in this encyclopedia.
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The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) that represents this sound is ʝ (crossed-tail j), and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is j\. It is the non-sibilant equivalent of the voiced alveolo-palatal sibilant. In broad transcription, the symbol for the palatal approximant, j , may be used for the sake of simplicity.
Diphthongs may be transcribed with two vowel symbols or with a vowel symbol and a semivowel symbol. In the words above, the less prominent member of the diphthong can be represented with the symbols for the palatal approximant [ j ] and the labiovelar approximant [ w ] , with the symbols for the close vowels [ i ] and [ u ] , or the symbols for ...
Ball & Rahilly too criticise in a footnote the confusion between these symbols: 'The difference between an approximant version of the voiced velar fricative [ɣ], and the velar semi-vowel [ɰ] is that the latter requires spread lips, and must have a slightly more open articulatory channel so that it becomes if prolonged' (p. 189, fn. 1).