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From the outside, the Great Mosque of Kairouan is a fortress-like building with its 1.90 metres thick massive ocher walls, a composite of well-worked stones with intervening courses of rubble stone and baked bricks. [12] The corner towers measuring 4.25 metres on each side are buttressed with solid projecting supports.
Espantaperros Tower and Adarve Alcazaba of Badajoz at dusk Exteriors of the Alcazaba-Castle of Badajoz. The city of Badajoz, specifically the oldest area, located in the highest part of the promontory called Cerro de la Muela, was protected by an enclosure built during the Islamic period, with its fortress known as the Alcazaba.
The civilization's cities were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large non-residential buildings, and new techniques in handicraft (carnelian products, seal carving) and metallurgy (copper, bronze, lead, and tin). [2]
During this period, black and white stone were often used as well as red brick in recurring rows, giving a three colored striped building. [3] Ablaq masonry supplemented other decorative techniques such as the use of "joggled" voussoirs in arches, where stones of alternating colours were cut into interlocking shapes.
A "face brick" is a higher-quality brick, designed for use in visible external surfaces in face-work, as opposed to a "filler brick" for internal parts of the wall, or where the surface is to be covered with stucco or a similar coating, or where the filler bricks will be concealed by other bricks (in structures more than two bricks thick).
Since this soft stone is comparatively easy to work, people were probably carving it into dugouts by the early Bronze Age. In the course of time, this progressed to living complexes, monasteries, and whole underground cities. Since 1985, the 'rock sites of Cappadocia' have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site. [3]
The Ponte Vecchio (Italian pronunciation: [ˈponte ˈvɛkkjo]; [1] "Old Bridge") [2] is a medieval stone closed-spandrel segmental arch bridge over the Arno, in Florence, Italy.The only bridge in Florence spared from destruction during World War II, it is noted for the shops built along it; building shops on such bridges was once a common practice.
The bricks of the Ishtar gate were made from finely textured clay pressed into wooden forms. Each of the animal reliefs was also made from bricks formed by pressing clay into reusable molds. Seams between the bricks were carefully planned not to occur on the eyes of the animals or any other aesthetically unacceptable places.