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Simplified diagram of a CRISPR locus. The three major components of a CRISPR locus are shown: cas genes, a leader sequence, and a repeat-spacer array. Repeats are shown as gray boxes and spacers are colored bars. The arrangement of the three components is not always as shown.
CRISPR RNA or crRNA is a RNA transcript from the CRISPR locus. [1] CRISPR-Cas (clustered, regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats - CRISPR associated systems) is an adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea to protect against mobile genetic elements, like viruses, plasmids, and transposons. [2] The CRISPR locus contains a ...
This is a key function in the CRISPR system as it ensures that new spacers area always added at the beginning of the CRISPR sequence next to the leader sequence. This directing of integration by IHF ensures that spacers are added chronologically, allowing better protection against the most recent viral infection.
CRISPR-Display (CRISP-Disp) is a modification of the CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) system for genome editing.The CRISPR/Cas9 system uses a short guide RNA (sgRNA) sequence to direct a Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 nuclease, acting as a programmable DNA binding protein, to cleave DNA at a site of interest.
CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) is a genetic perturbation technique that allows for sequence-specific repression of gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. [1] It was first developed by Stanley Qi and colleagues in the laboratories of Wendell Lim , Adam Arkin, Jonathan Weissman , and Jennifer Doudna . [ 2 ]
CRISPR-associated transposons or CASTs are mobile genetic elements that have evolved to make use of minimal CRISPR systems for RNA-guided transposition of their DNA. [1] Unlike traditional CRISPR systems that contain interference mechanisms to degrade targeted DNA, CASTs lack proteins and/or protein domains responsible for DNA cleavage. [ 2 ]
Natural antisense transcripts transcribed from the same genomic locus as their target but from the opposite DNA strand and form perfect pairs crRNA CRISPR RNA - tracrRNA: trans-activating crRNA - CRISPR RNA CRISPR-Cas RNA multiple families: DD RNA DNA damage response RNA - RNA that activates DNA damage response diRNA DSB-induced small RNAs - dsRNA
CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) is a gene regulation technique that utilizes an engineered form of the CRISPR-Cas9 system to enhance the expression of specific genes without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Unlike traditional CRISPR-Cas9, which introduces double-strand breaks to edit genes, CRISPRa employs a modified, catalytically inactive ...