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Although meningitis is a notifiable disease in many countries, the exact incidence rate is unknown. [22] In 2013 meningitis resulted in 303,000 deaths – down from 464,000 deaths in 1990. [ 86 ] In 2010 it was estimated that meningitis resulted in 420,000 deaths, [ 87 ] excluding cryptococcal meningitis .
Cryptococcal meningitis accounts for about 68% of meningitis cases in those with HIV and has a mortality rate of 10-25%, with delays in diagnosis and treatment being especially common and associated with a poor prognosis. [5] The treatment for chronic infectious meningitis is directed at the underlying infectious agent.
Meningitis and meningococcemia are major causes of illness, death, and disability in both developed and under-developed countries. There are approximately 2,600 cases of bacterial meningitis per year in the United States, and on average 333,000 cases in developing countries. The case fatality rate ranges between 10 and 20 percent. [3]
Human infectious diseases may be characterized by their case fatality rate (CFR), the proportion of people diagnosed with a disease who die from it (cf. mortality rate).It should not be confused with the infection fatality rate (IFR), the estimated proportion of people infected by a disease-causing agent, including asymptomatic and undiagnosed infections, who die from the disease.
Mortality depends on the subtype of the virus. For the European subtype mortality rates are 0.5% to 2% for people who develop neurological disease. [3] In dogs, the disease also manifests as a neurological disorder with signs varying from tremors to seizures and death. [4]
A 2023 study on mice has showed that treatment that included a derivative of the drug acoziborole known as AN3057 significantly prolonged survival and showed a 28% recovery rate without relapse. [ 30 ] [ 31 ]
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Rates in the African meningitis belt were as high as 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 100 before introduction of a vaccine in 2010. [7] The incidence of meningococcal disease is highest among infants (children younger than one year old) whose immune system is relatively immature.