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Cementation crucibles, therefore, have a lid or cap which limits the amount of gas loss from the crucible. The crucible design is similar to the smelting and melting crucibles of the period utilizing the same material as the smelting and melting crucibles. The conical shape and smallmouth allowed the lid to be added.
In a smelting furnace, up to four different phases might co-exist. From the top of the furnace to the bottom, the phases are slag, matte, speiss, and liquid metal. [3] Slag can be classified as furnace slag, tapping slag or crucible slag depending on the mechanism of production. The slag has three functions.
During the 1990s, Crucible expanded its operations to Canada, working with General Motors, and building a 35,000-square-foot (3,300 m 2) facility with newly patented smelting and processing equipment costing $25 million.
The crucible process existed in India at the same time that the west- facing technology was operating in Sri Lanka. [38] Excavations of the Yodhawewa (near Mannar) site (in 2018) have uncovered a lower half of a bottom spherical furnace and crucible fragments used to make crucible steel in Sri Lanka during the 7th-8th centuries AD.
In making crucible steel, the blister steel bars were broken into pieces and melted in small crucibles, each containing 20 kg or so. This produced higher quality metal, but increased the cost. The Bessemer process reduced the time needed to make lower-grade steel to about half an hour while requiring only enough coke needed to melt the pig iron.
It is also the site of the manufacturing of Calenick Crucibles, which were a crucial part of the smelting process and were shipped worldwide, as far as Australia. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Once the largest tin smelting blowing house , it had ten reverberatory furnaces by 1794. [ 7 ]
The crucibles resembled small china plant pots and were sold in nests like Russian dolls, exported as far as Australia and to other burgeoning tin mining economies. For this reason, Calenick House was once an important part of Cornwall's Tin Mining industry for both smelting and the manufacture of Calenick Crucibles.
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