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The earliest mention of gene fixation in published works was found in Motoo Kimura's 1962 paper "On Probability of Fixation of Mutant Genes in a Population". In the paper, Kimura uses mathematical techniques to determine the probability of fixation of mutant genes in a population.
The fixation index (F ST) is a measure of population differentiation due to genetic structure. It is frequently estimated from genetic polymorphism data, such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) or microsatellites. Developed as a special case of Wright's F-statistics, it is one of the most commonly used statistics in population genetics ...
The two key driving forces behind fixation are natural selection and genetic drift. Natural selection was postulated by Charles Darwin and encompasses many processes that lead to the differential survival of organisms due to genetic or phenotypic differences. Genetic drift is the process by which allele frequencies fluctuate within populations.
In population genetics, F-statistics (also known as fixation indices) describe the statistically expected level of heterozygosity in a population; more specifically the expected degree of (usually) a reduction in heterozygosity when compared to Hardy–Weinberg expectation.
The probability that A reaches fixation is called fixation probability. For the simple Moran process this probability is x i = i / N . Since all individuals have the same fitness, they also have the same chance of becoming the ancestor of the whole population; this probability is 1 / N and thus the sum of all i probabilities ...
The probability of fixation depends strongly on N for deleterious mutations (note the log scale on the y-axis) relative to the neutral case of s=0. Dashed lines show the probability of fixation of a mutation with s=-1/N. Note that larger populations have more deleterious mutations (not illustrated).
Population genetics is a subfield of ... and sees the rate at which a particular change happens as the product of the mutation rate and the fixation probability. ...
The top graph shows the time to fixation for a population size of 10 and the bottom graph shows the time to fixation for a population of 100 individuals. As population decreases time to fixation for alleles increases. Conservationists are often worried about a loss of genetic variation in small populations. There are two types of genetic ...