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In Newtonian mechanics, momentum (pl.: momenta or momentums; more specifically linear momentum or translational momentum) is the product of the mass and velocity of an object. . It is a vector quantity, possessing a magnitude and a directi
A diagram of angular momentum. Showing angular velocity (Scalar) and radius. In physics, angular mechanics is a field of mechanics which studies rotational movement. It studies things such as angular momentum, angular velocity, and torque. It also studies more advanced things such as Coriolis force [1] and Angular aerodynamics.
The trivial case of the angular momentum of a body in an orbit is given by = where is the mass of the orbiting object, is the orbit's frequency and is the orbit's radius.. The angular momentum of a uniform rigid sphere rotating around its axis, instead, is given by = where is the sphere's mass, is the frequency of rotation and is the sphere's radius.
The moment of force, or torque, is a first moment: =, or, more generally, .; Similarly, angular momentum is the 1st moment of momentum: =.Momentum itself is not a moment.; The electric dipole moment is also a 1st moment: = for two opposite point charges or () for a distributed charge with charge density ().
The definition of angular momentum for a single point particle is: = where p is the particle's linear momentum and r is the position vector from the origin. The time-derivative of this is: The time-derivative of this is:
Lamb–Retherford experiment discovered Lamb shift (1947), which led to the development of quantum electrodynamics. Clyde L. Cowan and Frederick Reines confirm the existence of the neutrino in the neutrino experiment. (1955) Claus Jönsson's double-slit experiment with electrons. (1961) The quantum Hall effect, discovered in 1980 by Klaus von ...
1964 - First black hole, Cygnus X-1, discovered; 1964 – CP violation discovered by James Cronin and Val Fitch. 1965 – Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson: Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) discovered; 1967 – Unification of weak interaction and electromagnetism (electroweak theory) 1967 – Solar neutrino problem found
The orbital angular momentum of electrons is quantized. Because the electron is charged, it produces an orbital magnetic moment that is proportional to the angular momentum. The net magnetic moment of an atom is equal to the vector sum of orbital and spin magnetic moments of all electrons and the nucleus.